Изучение состава слюны широко привлекает внимание исследователей, и количество работ в этом направлении растёт. Однако влияние отдельных факторов на состав слюны изучено недостаточно. Ограничение применения слюны как биологической жидкости для клинической лабораторной диагностики может быть связано с тем, что нет стандартизированных методик преаналитического этапа, а также с отсутствием референсных значений биохимических параметров с учётом ряда факторов, оказывающих воздействие на состав и свойства слюны. В настоящем обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных факторов, влияющих на состав слюны. Влияние факторов на состав слюны связывают с нарушением функций слюнных желёз, изменением скорости саливации, вязкости слюны, сухости во рту, баланса рН и электролитного состава, что приводит к нарушению гомеостаза всей полости рта.
Сарф Е.А. и др. Факторы вариабельности состава смешанной слюны (обзор литературы) // Биомедицинская химия. - 2025. - Т. 71. -N 5. - С. 319-332.
Сарф Е.А. и др., "Факторы вариабельности состава смешанной слюны (обзор литературы)." Биомедицинская химия 71.5 (2025): 319-332.
Сарф, Е. А., Бельская, Л. В. (2025). Факторы вариабельности состава смешанной слюны (обзор литературы). Биомедицинская химия, 71(5), 319-332.
Список литературы
Кочурова Е.В., Козлов С.В. (2014) Диагностические возможности слюны. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика, 59(1), 13–15. Scholar google search
Hamilton K.R., Granger D.A., Taylor M.K. (2022) Science of interdisciplinary salivary bioscience: history and future directions. Biomark. Med., 16(14), 1077–1087. CrossRef Scholar google search
Раимкулова Ч.А., Аронбаев С.Д., Аронбаев Д.М. (2022) Измерение рН смешанной слюны с использованием потенциометрического проточно-инжекционного датчика. Universum: химия и биология, 6(96), 5–12. CrossRef Scholar google search
Krahel A., Hernik A., Dmitrzak-Weglarz M., Paszynska E. (2022) Saliva as diagnostic material and current methods of collection from oral cavity. Clin. Lab., 68(10), 4278. CrossRef Scholar google search
Frid P., Halbig J.M., Alstergren P., Berstad J.R., Cetrelli L., Feuerherm A.J., Flatø B., Rosen A., Rosendahl K., Rygg M., Rypdal V., Songstad N.-T., Tømmerås B., Nordal E., Al-Haroni M. (2025) Cytokines in saliva, serum, and temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an explorative cross-sectional study. Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J., 23(1), 66. CrossRef Scholar google search
Zhao X., Chen X., Zhou Z., Zheng J., Lin Y., Zheng Y., Xu R., Hu S., Cui L. (2025) Advancements and challenges in salivary metabolomics for early detection and monitoring of systemic diseases. MedComm, 6, e70395. CrossRef Scholar google search
Nunes L.A.S., Mussavira S., Bindhu O.S. (2015) Clinical and diagnostic utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid: a systematic review. Biochemia Medica (Zagreb), 25(2), 177–192. CrossRef Scholar google search
Tóthová L., Kamodyová N., Červenka T., Celec P. (2015) Salivary markers of oxidative stress in oral diseases. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 5, 73. CrossRef Scholar google search
Salman B.N., Darvish S., Goriuc A., Mazloomzadeh S., Hossein Poor Tehrani M., Luchian I. (2021) Salivary oxidative stress markers' relation to oral diseases in children and adolescents. Antioxidants, 10(10), 1540. CrossRef Scholar google search
Pramanik R., Thompson H., Kistler J.O., Wade W.G., Galloway J., Peakman T., Proctor G.B. (2012) Effects of the UK Biobank collection protocol on potential biomarkers in saliva. Int. J. Epidemiol., 41(6), 1786–1797. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bedi G.N., Acharya S., Kumar S., Mapari S.A. (2024) Salivary high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and its clinical relevance in modern medicine: a comprehensive review. Cureus, 16(4), e58165. CrossRef Scholar google search
Jaiswal A., Madaan S., Acharya N., Kumar S., Talwar D., Dewani D. (2021) Salivary uric acid: a noninvasive wonder for clinicians? Cureus, 13(11), e19649. CrossRef Scholar google search
Sempionatto J.R., Lasalde-Ramírez J.A., Mahato K., Wang J., Gao W. (2022) Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era. Nat. Rev. Chem., 6(12), 899–915. CrossRef Scholar google search
Casto K.V., Cohen D.J., Akinola M., Mehta P.H. (2024) Testosterone, gender identity and gender-stereotyped personality attributes. Horm. Behav., 162, 105540. CrossRef Scholar google search
Inoue H., Ono K., Masuda W., Morimoto Y., Tanaka T., Yokota M., Inenaga K. (2006) Gender difference in unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and salivary gland sizes. Arch. Oral. Biol., 51(12), 1055–1060. CrossRef Scholar google search
Buchan E., Kelleher L., Clancy M., Stanley Rickard J.J., Oppenheimer P.G. (2021) Spectroscopic molecularfingerprint profiling of saliva. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1185, 339074. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bel’skaya L.V., Sarf E.A., Solomatin D.V. (2020) Age and gender characteristics of IR spectra of normal human saliva. Appl. Spectrosc., 74(5), 536–543. CrossRef Scholar google search
Minty M., Loubièrès P., Canceill T., Azalbert V., Burcelin R., Tercé F., Blasco-Baque V. (2021) Gender-associated differences in oral microbiota and salivary biochemical parameters in response to feeding. J. Physiol. Biochem., 77(1), 155–166. CrossRef Scholar google search
Савинов С.С., Дробышев А.И. (2022) Влияние индивидуальных и субпопуляционных факторов на концентрацию макро- и микроэлементов в слюне. Экология человека, 29(10), 689–698. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bel'skaya L.V., Kosenok V.K., Sarf E.A. (2017) Chronophysiological features of the normal mineral composition of human saliva. Arch. Oral. Biol., 82, 286–292. CrossRef Scholar google search
Raju S.C., Lagström S., Ellonen P., de Vos W.M., Eriksson J.G., Weiderpass E., Rounge T.B. (2019) Gender-specific associations between saliva microbiota and body size. Front. Microbiol., 10, 767. CrossRef Scholar google search
Cameron S.J.S., Huws S.A., Hegarty M.J., Smith D.P.M., Mur L.A.J. (2015). The human salivary microbiome exhibits temporal stability in bacterial diversity. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 91(9), 1–9. CrossRef Scholar google search
Schwartz J.L., Peña N., Kawar N., Zhang A., Callahan N., Robles S.J., Griebel A., Adami G.R. (2021) Old age and other factors associated with salivary microbiome variation. BMC Oral Health, 21, 490. CrossRef Scholar google search
Satoh K., Ohno Y., Nagase H., Kashimata M., Adachi K. (2024) Age-related alteration of the involvement of CD36 for salivary secretion from the parotid gland in mice. J. Physiol. Sci., 74(1), 38. CrossRef Scholar google search
Nagler R.M. (2004) Salivary glands and the aging process: mechanistic aspects, health-status and medicinal-efficacy monitoring. Biogerontology, 5(4), 223–233. CrossRef Scholar google search
Xie H., Zheng X., Huang Y., Li W., Wang W., Li Q., Hou J., Luo L., Kuang X., Lin C.-Q. (2022) Diurnal pattern of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol under citric acid stimulation in young adults. PeerJ, 10, e13178. CrossRef Scholar google search
Xu F., Laguna L., Sarkar A. (2019) Aging-related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: where do we stand in our understanding? J. Texture Stud., 50(1), 27–35. CrossRef Scholar google search
Sun S., Zhao F., Wang Q., Zhong Y., Cai T., Wu P., Yang F., Li Z. (2014) Analysis of age and gender associated N-glycoproteome in human whole saliva. Clin. Proteomics, 11, 25. CrossRef Scholar google search
Макеева И.М., Селифанова Е.И., Маргарян Э.Г., Гулуа М.М., Сазанская Л.С. (2019) Исследование микрофлоры полости рта у женщин в пре- и постменопаузе. Российская стоматология, 12(2), 16–18. CrossRef Scholar google search
Krebs A., Dickhuth K., Mumm R., Stier B., Doerfer J., Grueninger D., Wurm M., Brichta C., Schwab K.O. (2019) Evaluating the four most important salivary sex steroids during male puberty: testosterone best characterizes pubertal development. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 32(3), 287–294. CrossRef Scholar google search
Shinde D.B., Mahore J.G., Giram P.S., Singh S.L., Sharda A., Choyan D., Musale S. (2024) Microbiota of saliva: a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Indian J. Microbiol., 64(2), 328–342. CrossRef Scholar google search
Wells P.M., Sprockett D.D., Bowyer R.C.E., Kurushima Y., Relman D.A., Williams F.M.K., Steves C.J. (2022) Influential factors of saliva microbiota composition. Sci. Rep., 12, 18894. CrossRef Scholar google search
Tang J., Wang K., Yang K., Jiang D., Fang X., Su S., Lin Y., Chen S., Gu H., Li P., Yan S. (2023) A combination of Beers and STOPP criteria better detects potentially inappropriate medications use among older hospitalized patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr., 23, 44. CrossRef Scholar google search
Самойлова Ю.Г., Олейник О.А., Кудлай Д.А., Саган Е.В., Денисов Н.С. (2021) Патогенетическая взаимосвязь микробиоты ротовой полости и ожирения у детей и подростков. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии, 66(5), 38–41. CrossRef Scholar google search
Rinderknecht C., Filippi C., Ritz N., Fritschi N., Simmen U., Filippi A., Diesch-Furlanetto T. (2022) Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children. Sci. Rep., 12, 15991. CrossRef Scholar google search
Rovera A., Anderson P. (2024) Influence of gender and combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive on parotid saliva flow rate, pH, and electrolytes concentration. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res., 10(1), e800. CrossRef Scholar google search
Vieira A.T., Castelo P.M., Ribeiro D.A., Ferreira C.M. (2017) Influence of oral and gut microbiota in the health of menopausal women. Front. Microbiol., 8, 1884. CrossRef Scholar google search
Nasidze I., Li J., Quinque D., Tang K., Stoneking M. (2009) Global diversity in the human salivary microbiome. Genome Res., 19(4), 636–643. CrossRef Scholar google search
Lin F., Ma L., Sheng Z. (2025) Health disorders in menopausal women: microbiome alterations, associated problems, and possible treatments. Biomed. Eng. Online, 24, 84. CrossRef Scholar google search
Prasad S., Pancharethinam D., Gokulraj S.A.K. (2023) Oral health and salivary pH changes in menopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Int. J. Orofac. Res., 7(1), 27–32. CrossRef Scholar google search
Dawes C. (1972) Circadian rhythms in human salivary flow rate and composition. J. Physiol., 220(3), 529–545. CrossRef Scholar google search
Shang Y.F., Shen Y.Y., Zhang M.C., Lv M.C., Wang T.Y., Chen X.Q., Lin J. (2023) Progress in salivary glands: endocrine glands with immune functions. Front. Endocrinol., 14, 1061235. CrossRef Scholar google search
Aydin S., Ozercan H.I., Aydın S., Ozkan Y., Dagli F., Oguzoncul F., Geckil H. (2006) Biological rhythm of saliva ghrelin in humans. Biol. Rhythm Res., 37(2), 169–177. CrossRef Scholar google search
Lozano C.P., García-Manríquez N., Gambetta-Tessini K., Giacaman R.A. (2025) Circadian fluctuations in saliva biochemical composition: a pilot study. Chronobiol. Int., 42(11), 1476–1484. CrossRef Scholar google search
Мандров С.И., Жданова Л.А., Шишова А.В., Ларюшкина Р.М., Иванова И.В. (2025) Особенности суточных ритмов макро- и микроэлементов слюны у здоровых детей. Вестник новых медицинских технологий, 32(2), 57–61. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ntovas P., Loumprinis N., Maniatakos P., Margaritidi L., Rahiotis C. (2022) The effects of physical exercise on saliva composition: a comprehensive review. Dent. J. (Basel), 10(1), 7. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ferlazzo N., Currò M., Saija C., Naccari F., Ientile R., di Mauro D., Trimarchi F., Caccamo D. (2021) Saliva testing as noninvasive way for monitoring exercise-dependent response in teenage elite water polo players: a cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore), 100(46), e27847. CrossRef Scholar google search
Grzesiak-Gasek I., Kaczmarek U. (2022) Influence of swimming training session on selected saliva components in youth swimmers. Front. Physiol., 13, 869903. CrossRef Scholar google search
Малышева В.В., Степанова Л.В., Вышедко А.М., Бельская Л.В., Сарф Е.А., Халджанова З., Коленчукова О.А., Кратасюк В.А. (2024) Влияние компонентного состава слюны на направленность биферментного биолюминесцентного анализа в зависимости от вида физической нагрузки. Биофизика, 69(3), 664–673. CrossRef Scholar google search
Wirobski G., Crockford C., Deschner T., Neumann I.D. (2024) Oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in urine and saliva in response to physical exercise in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 168, 107144. CrossRef Scholar google search
Gillum T., Kuennen M., McKenna Z., Castillo M., Jordan-Patterson A., Bohnert C. (2017) Exercise does not increase salivary lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes, but does increase salivary lysozyme. J. Sports Sci., 35(13), 1294–1299. CrossRef Scholar google search
Segura R., Javierre C., Ventura J.L.L., Lizarraga M.A., Campos B., Garrido E. (1996) A new approach to the assessment of anaerobic metabolism: measurement of lactate in saliva. Br. J. Sports Med., 30(4), 305–309. CrossRef Scholar google search
Almási G., Bosnyák E., Móra Á., Zsáka A., Fehér P.V., Annár D., Nagy N., Szirák Z., Kemper H.C.G., Szmodis M. (2021) Physiological and psychological responses to a maximal swimming exercise test in adolescent elite athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18(17), 9270. CrossRef Scholar google search
Rutherfurd-Markwick K., Starck C., Dulson D.K., Ali A. (2017) Salivary diagnostic markers in males and females during rest and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., 14(1), 27. CrossRef Scholar google search
Fragala M.S., Kraemer W.J., Denegar C.R., Maresh C.M., Mastro A.M., Volek J.S. (2011) Neuroendocrine-immune interactions and responses to exercise. Sports Med., 41(8), 621–639. CrossRef Scholar google search
Yu G., Phillips S., Gail M.H., Goedert J.J., Humphrys M.S., Ravel J., Ren Y., Caporaso N.E. (2017) The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral and nasal microbiota. Microbiome, 5(1), 3. CrossRef Scholar google search
Xu T., Holzapfel C., Dong X., Bader E., Yu Z., Prehn C., Perstorfer K., Jaremek M., Roemisch-Margl W., Rathmann W., Li Y., Wichmann H.E., Wallaschofski H., Ladwig K.H., Theis F., Suhre K., Adamski J., Illig T., Peters A., Wang-Sattler R. (2013) Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on human serum metabolite profile: results from the KORA cohort study. BMC Med., 11, 60. CrossRef Scholar google search
Al-Zyoud W., Hajjo R., Abu-Siniyeh A., Hajjaj S. (2019) Salivary microbiome and cigarette smoking: a first of its kind investigation in Jordan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(1), 256. CrossRef Scholar google search
Дорофеев А.Е., Севбитов А.В., Заборская П.А., Захарова К.Е., Емелина Е.С., Емелина Г.В. (2023) Результаты биохимического исследования слюны у лиц пожилого возраста, использующих паровые коктейли. Актуальные проблемы медицины, 46(2), 155–165. CrossRef Scholar google search
Majid O.W. (2024) Salivary lipid changes in young adult tobacco smokers and e-cigarette users: a hidden risk to oral health? Evid. Based Dent., 25(2), 67–68. CrossRef Scholar google search
Zięba S., Błachnio-Zabielska A., Maciejczyk M., Pogodzińska K., Szuta M., Lo Giudice G., Lo Giudice R., Zalewska A. (2024) Impact of smoking on salivary lipid profile and oxidative stress in young adults: a comparative analysis between traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products. Med. Sci. Monit., 30, e942507. CrossRef Scholar google search
Palmerini C.A., Saccardi C., Ferracci F., Arienti S. (2011) Lipid patterns in the saliva of smoking young adults. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 30(10), 1482–1488. CrossRef Scholar google search
Maki K.A., Ganesan S.M., Meeks B., Farmer N., Kazmi N., Barb J.J., Joseph P.V., Wallen G.R. (2022) The role of the oral microbiome in smoking-related cardiovascular risk: a review of the literature exploring mechanisms and pathways. J. Transl. Med., 20, 584. CrossRef Scholar google search
Mohammed L.I., Razali R., Zakaria Z.Z., Benslimane F.M., Cyprian F., Al-Asmakh M. (2024) Smoking induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and is correlated with lipid biomarkers. BMC Oral Health, 24, 608. CrossRef Scholar google search
Castagnola M., Scarano E., Passali G.C., Messana I., Cabras T., Iavarone F., di Cintio G., Fiorita A., de Corso E., Paludetti G. (2017) Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital., 37(2), 94–101. CrossRef Scholar google search
Fábián T.K., Hermann P., Beck A., Fejérdy P., Fábián G. (2012) Salivary defense proteins: their network and role in innate and acquired oral immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13(4), 4295–4320. CrossRef Scholar google search
Li X., Liu Y., Yang X., Li C., Song Z. (2022) The oral microbiota: community composition, influencing factors, pathogenesis, and interventions. Front. Microbiol., 13, 895537. CrossRef Scholar google search
Саркисян Н.Г., Катаева Н.Н., Хохрякова Д.А., Меликян С.Г. (2022) Оценка взаимосвязи физико- химический показателей слюны, типа питания и качества питьевой воды. Врач, 33(7), 68–71. CrossRef Scholar google search
Sardaro M.L.S., Grote V., Baik J., Atallah M., Amato K.R., Ring M. (2025) Effects of vegetable and fruit juicing on gut and oral microbiome composition. Nutrients, 17(3), 458. CrossRef Scholar google search
Akimbekov N.S., Digel I., Yerezhepov A.Y., Shardarbek R.S., Wu X., Zha J. (2022) Nutritional factors influencing microbiota-mediated colonization resistance of the oral cavity: A literature review. Front. Nutr., 9, 1029324. CrossRef Scholar google search
Мандра Ю.В., Каминская Л.А., Светлакова Е.Н., Гаврилов И.В., Жолондзиовский П.А., Тимербулатов А.Д. (2016) Динамика изменения биохимического состава слюны под влиянием углеводсодержащих продуктов “легкого питания”. Проблемы стоматологии, 12(4), 10–15. CrossRef Scholar google search
Gasmi Benahmed A., Gasmi A., Dadar M., Arshad M., Bjørklund G. (2021) The role of sugar-rich diet and salivary proteins in dental plaque formation and oral health. J. Oral Biosci., 63(2), 134–141. CrossRef Scholar google search
Tremblay M., Brisson D., Gaudet D. (2012) Association between salivary pH and metabolic syndrome in women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 12, 40. CrossRef Scholar google search
Melo J.L.M.A., Coelho C.P.E.S., Nunes F.P.E.S., Heller D., Grisi D.C., Guimarães M.D.C.M., Dame-Teixeira N. (2023) A scoping review on hyposalivation associated with systemic conditions: the role of physical stimulation in the treatment approaches. BMC Oral Health, 23, 505. CrossRef Scholar google search
Lone M.A., Shaikh S., Lone M.M., Afaq A., Lone M.A. (2017) Association of salivary gland hypofunction with diabetes mellitus and drugs among the elderly in Karachi, Pakistan. J. Investig. Clin. Dent., 8(2), e12209. CrossRef Scholar google search
Arany S., Kopycka-Kedzierawski D.T., Caprio T.V., Watson G.E. (2021) Anticholinergic medication: related dry mouth and effects on the salivary glands. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol., 132(6), 662–670. CrossRef Scholar google search
Song W., Liu H., Su Y., Zhao Q., Wang X., Cheng P., Wang H. (2024) Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, 1346996. CrossRef Scholar google search
Milanowski M., Pomastowski P., Ligor T., Buszewski B. (2017) Saliva — volatile biomarkers and profiles. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 47(3), 251–266. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ghallab N.A. (2018) Diagnostic potential and future directions of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontal diseases: review of the current evidence. Arch. Oral Biol., 87, 115–124. CrossRef Scholar google search
Yang X., He L., Yan S., Chen X., Quem G. (2021) The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health, 21, 319. CrossRef Scholar google search
Hurley E., Barrett M.P.J., Kinirons M., Whelton H., Ryan C.A., Stanton C., Harris H.M.B., O'Toole P.W. (2019) Comparison of the salivary and dentinal microbiome of children with severe-early childhood caries to the salivary microbiome of caries-free children. BMC Oral Health, 19, 13. CrossRef Scholar google search
Xu L., Chen X., Wang Y., Jiang W., Wang S., Ling Z., Chen H. (2018) Dynamic alterations in salivary microbiota related to dental caries and age in preschool children with deciduous dentition: a 2-year follow-up study. Front. Physiol., 9, 342. CrossRef Scholar google search
Dipalma G., Inchingolo F., Patano A., Guglielmo M., Palumbo I., Campanelli M., Inchingolo A.D., Malcangi G., Palermo A., Tartaglia F.C., Minetti E., Inchingolo A.M. (2023) Dental erosion and the role of saliva: a systematic review. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 27(21), 10651–10660. CrossRef Scholar google search
Huang S., Tian W., Tian J., Tang H., Qin M., Zhao B., Wang J., Chen Y., Xu H. (2025) Deep saliva proteomics elucidating the pathogenesis of early childhood caries and identifying biomarkers for early prediction. Proteome Res., 24(2), 750–761. CrossRef Scholar google search
Oliveira B.P., Buzalaf M.A.R., Silva N.C., Ventura T.M.O., Toniolo J., Rodrigues J.A. (2023) Saliva proteomic profile of early childhood caries and caries-free children. Acta Odontol. Scand., 81(3), 216–226. CrossRef Scholar google search
Chen M., Cai W., Zhao S., Shi L., Chen Y., Li X., Sun X., Mao Y., He B., Hou Y., Zhou Y., Zhou Q., Ma J., Huang S. (2019) Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid associated with chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Periodontol., 46(6), 608–622. CrossRef Scholar google search
Cоснин Д.Ю., Гилева О.С., Сивак Е.Ю., Даурова Ф.Ю., Гибадуллина Н.В., Коротин С.В. (2019) Содержание васкулоэндотелиального фактора роста в слюне и сыворотке крови больных пародонтитом. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика, 64(11), 663–668. CrossRef Scholar google search
Baeza M., Garrido M., Hernández-Ríos P., Dezerega A., García-Sesnich J., Strauss F., Aitken J.P., Lesaffre E., Vanbelle S., Gamonal J., Brignardello-Petersen R., Tervahartiala T., Sorsa T., Hernández M. (2016) Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study. J. Clin. Periodontol., 43(1), 34–45. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ribeiro C.C.C., Pachêco C.J.B., Costa E.L., Ladeira L.L.C., Costa J.F., da Silva R., Carmo C.D.S. (2018) Proinflammatory cytokines in early childhood caries: salivary analysis in the mother/children pair. Cytokine, 107, 113–117. CrossRef Scholar google search
Neurath N., Kesting M. (2024) Cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Front. Immunol., 15, 1435054. CrossRef Scholar google search
Siveen K.S., Prabhu K., Krishnankutty R., Kuttikrishnan S., Tsakou M., Alali F.Q., Dermime S., Mohammad R.M., Uddin S. (2017) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in tumour vascularization: potential and challenges. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 15(4), 339–351. CrossRef Scholar google search
Рувинская Г.Р., Залялова З.А., Мунасипова С.Э., Кузнецова Р.Г. (2013) Особенности элементного состава ротовой жидкости пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона. Практическая медицина, 1–2(69), 91–95. Scholar google search
Rosa L.K., Costa F.S., Hauagge C.M., Mobile R.Z., de Lima A.A.S., Amaral C.D.B., Machado R.C., Nogueira A.R.A., Brancher J.A., de Araujo M.R. (2021) Oral health, organic and inorganic saliva composition of men with schizophrenia: case control study. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 66, 126743. CrossRef Scholar google search
Линькова Н.С., Пухальская А.Э., Ильницкий А.Н., Новак-Бобарыкина У.А., Осипова О.А., Рождественская О.А., Козлов К.Л. (2021) Концентрация сиртуинов в слюне: перспективы применения для диагностики ишемической болезни сердца и темпа старения организма. Молекулярная медицина, 19(6), 37–42. CrossRef Scholar google search
Yang B., Xu B., Zhao H., Wang Y.-B., Zhang J., Li C.-W., Wu Q., Cao Y.-K., Li Y., Cao F. (2018) Dioscin protects against coronary heart disease by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via Sirt1/Nrf2 and p38 MAPK pathways. Mol. Med. Rep., 18(1), 973–980. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ianni A., Yuan X., Bober E., Braun T. (2018) Sirtuins in the cardiovascular system: potential targets in pediatric cardiology. Pediatr. Cardiol., 39(5), 983–992. CrossRef Scholar google search
Сараев Г.Б., Миронова Е.С., Линькова Н.С., Бунин В.А., Пальцев М.А., Кветной И.М. (2019) Исследование сигнальных молекул в слюне: перспективы применения для диагностики инфаркта миокарда и темпа старения людей разного возраста. Успехи геронтологии, 32(3), 364–369. Scholar google search
Mohiti A., Eslami F., Dehestani M.R. (2020) Does hypertension affect saliva properties? J. Dent. (Shiraz), 21(3), 190–194. CrossRef Scholar google search
Chen B.-Y., Lin W.-Z., Li Y.-L., Bi C., Du L.-J., Liu Y., Zhou L.-J., Liu T., Xu S., Shi C.J., Zhu H., Wang Y.-L., Sun J.-Y., Liu Y., Zhang W.-C., Lu H.-X., Wang Y.-H., Feng Q., Chen F.-X., Wang C.-Q., Tonetti M.S., Zhu Y.-Q., Zhang H., Duan S.-Z. (2023) Roles of oral microbiota and oral-gut microbial transmission in hypertension. J. Adv. Res., 43, 147–161. CrossRef Scholar google search
Иманов А.М., Мазур Ю.А., Какабадзе Э.М. (2023) Особенности микроэлементного состава слюны у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Эндодонтия Today, 21(1), 82–88. CrossRef Scholar google search
Blaslov K., Naranđa F.S., Kruljac I., Renar I.P. (2018) Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes: past, present, and future. World J. Diabetes, 9(12), 209–219. CrossRef Scholar google search
Aynalem S.B., Zeleke A.J. (2016) Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among individuals aged 15 years and above in Mizan-Aman town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2016: a cross-sectional study. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2018, 9317987. CrossRef Scholar google search
Ahmad R., Haque M. (2021) Oral health messiers: diabetes mellitus relevance. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes., 14, 3001–3015. CrossRef Scholar google search
Lima-Aragão MV.V., de Oliveira-Junior J.J., Maciel M.C.G., Silva L.A., do Nascimento F.R., Guerra R.N. (2016) Salivary profile in diabetic patients: biochemical and immunological evaluation. BMC Res. Notes, 9, 103. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bachrach G., Muster Z., Raz I., Chaushu G., Stabholz A., Nussbaum G., Gutner M., Chaushu S. (2008) Assessing the levels of immunoglobulins in the saliva of diabetic individuals with periodontitis using checkerboard immunodetection. Oral Dis., 14(1), 51–59. CrossRef Scholar google search
Wolide A.D., Zawdie B., Alemayehu T., Tadesse S. (2017) Association of trace metal elements with lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: across sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord., 17, 64. CrossRef Scholar google search
Liu J., Huang D., Cai Y., Cao Z., Liu Z., Zhang S., Zhao L., Wang X., Wang Y., Huang F., Wu Z. (2022) Saliva diagnostics: emerging techniques and biomarkers for salivaomics in cancer detection. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 22(12), 1077–1097. CrossRef Scholar google search
Britze T.E., Jakobsen K.K., Grønhøj C., von Buchwald C. (2023) A systematic review on the role of biomarkers in liquid biopsies and saliva samples in the monitoring of salivary gland cancer. Acta Otolaryngol., 143(8), 709–713. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bel'skaya L.V., Sarf E.A., Kosenok V.K. (2021) Indicators of L-arginine metabolism in saliva: a focus on breast cancer. J. Oral Biosci., 63(1), 52–57. CrossRef Scholar google search
Dyachenko E.I., Bel'skaya L.V. (2025) How does breast cancer heterogeneity determine changes in tumor marker levels in saliva? Curr. Issues. Mol. Biol., 47(4), 216. CrossRef Scholar google search
Gao Z., Xu M., Yue S., Shan H., Xia J., Jiang J., Yang S. (2021) Abnormal sialylation and fucosylation of saliva glycoproteins: characteristics of lung cancer-specific biomarkers. Curr. Res. Pharmacol. Drug Discov., 3, 100079. CrossRef Scholar google search
Bingula R., Filaire E., Molnar I., Delmas E., Berthon J.-Y., Vasson M.-P., Bernalier-Donadille A., Filaire M. (2020) Characterisation of microbiota in saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, non-malignant, peritumoural and tumour tissue in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a cross-sectional clinical trial. Respir. Res, 21, 129. CrossRef Scholar google search
Granger D.A., Taylor M.K. (eds.) (2020) Salivary Bioscience. Foundations of Interdisciplinary Saliva Research and Applications. Springer Nature Switzerland AG., Cham, 751 p. CrossRef Scholar google search
Sobczak-Jaskow H., Kochańska B., Drogoszewska B. (2023) Composition and properties of saliva in patients with osteoporosis taking antiresorptive drugs. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20(5), 4294. CrossRef Scholar google search
Moś D.M. (2015) Saliva secretion disorder in a schizophrenic patient — a problem in dental and psychiatric treatment: a case report. Ann. Gen. Psychiatr., 14, 14. CrossRef Scholar google search
Szota A., Oglodek E., Araszkiewicz A. (2013) A female patient with depression and conversion disorder following brain tumor surgery. Aust. NZ J. Psychiatry, 47(12), 1213–1214. CrossRef Scholar google search
Вавилова Т.П., Островская И.Г., Ямалетдинова Г.Ф., Духовская Н.Е., Ахмедов Г.Д., Алигишиева З.А. (2017) Исследование влияния лекарственных препаратов на показатели смешанной слюны у пациентов с гипертонической болезнью. Казанский медицинский журнал, 98(6), 954–957. CrossRef Scholar google search